Anotia is a condition where a baby is born without the outer part of their ear. This can lead to hearing loss since sound cannot travel through to the inner ear. In many cases, surgery can rebuild the ear and improve hearing.
Signs & Symptoms of Anotia
A baby with anotia is born missing an ear, usually affecting only one side. Because the ear is not formed, hearing is affected. Sound cannot reach the inner ear, and some parts of the ear may not have developed properly.
What Causes Anotia?
Doctors don’t always know the exact cause of anotia. Some cases are linked to gene mutations. Anotia is more common in babies whose mothers:
- Have diabetes
- Took certain medications (like isotretinoin, also known as Accutane®) or drank alcohol during pregnancy
- Had a diet low in folic acid or carbohydrates during pregnancy
Some babies with anotia may also have genetic conditions such as Treacher Collins syndrome, or other problems affecting the face, heart, kidneys, or limbs.
How Is Anotia Diagnosed?
Anotia is typically noticed at birth, though in some cases it can be detected during a prenatal ultrasound. After birth, the doctor will perform a physical exam and may order hearing tests, genetic tests, or imaging studies like a CT scan to assess the condition and check for any other associated issues.
How Is Anotia Treated?
Children with anotia need a team of specialists, including:
- A pediatric plastic surgeon to rebuild the ear
- An otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor) to address hearing loss
- A speech therapist to support speech development
- A geneticist to help families understand any hereditary aspects
Surgical options to rebuild the ear include:
- Using rib cartilage: Surgeons take cartilage from the child’s ribs to form an ear framework. Tissue from under the scalp or a skin graft is placed over the framework. This surgery is done in stages, starting around 6–10 years old, requiring several surgeries.
- Using a plastic implant: A plastic framework is implanted, covered with tissue from under the scalp or a skin graft. This procedure can begin at 3 years old and may require one or two surgeries.
If the inner ear is underdeveloped, additional surgery may be necessary to address hearing issues.
What Else Should I Know?
Treatments, including surgery and therapy, can help children with anotia. It’s important to work closely with doctors to determine the best options for your child. As children grow older, they may feel self-conscious about their appearance or condition. Talking to a counselor can provide emotional support and help them navigate these feelings.