Abdominal pain can occur due to diseases of the digestive, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory and genitourinary systems of the body. A gastroenterologist will help identify the causes and eliminate abdominal pain. The main factors causing pain in the abdomen are pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes of abdominal pain:
- stretching of tissues due to an increase in the size of organs (for example, with intestinal obstruction filled with food, liquid and gases, blockage of the bile duct with stones, or swelling of the liver due to hepatitis);
- diseases of the stomach and intestines (for example, gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome);
- food poisoning;
- intestinal infections;
- inflammatory diseases (for example, pancreatitis, cholecystitis);
- disruption of blood supply to organs;
- food allergies, intolerance to lactose (milk sugar) or gluten (the protein found in wheat, rye and oats);
- aneurysm (swelling and weakening of the walls) of the abdominal aorta.
In some cases, pain in the abdominal region is not associated with pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. It may be a symptom of pelvic inflammation, kidney infection, urethra, or urolithiasis.
Types of abdominal pain
Abdominal pain can vary in intensity, ranging from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating sensations.
| Type of Abdominal Pain | Description | Potential Causes |
| Generalized Abdominal Pain | Dull, vague discomfort throughout the abdomen | Indigestion, gas, constipation, viral gastroenteritis |
| Cramping Abdominal Pain | Intermittent, sharp, or squeezing sensations | Menstrual cramps, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhea |
| Sharp/Stabbing Abdominal Pain | Sudden, intense, stabbing sensations | Appendicitis, gallstones, kidney stones, pancreatitis |
| Burning Abdominal Pain | Persistent burning or gnawing sensation | Acid reflux, peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophagitis |
| Colicky Abdominal Pain | Intermittent, waves of severe cramping | Kidney stones, bowel obstruction, gallbladder stones |
| Tenderness/Soreness | Tender to touch in specific areas of the abdomen | Abdominal muscle strain, injury, peritonitis |
Abdominal pain can localize to specific regions of the abdomen, such as the upper, lower, or central area, which can help healthcare professionals narrow down potential causes. Understanding the precise location of the pain can aid in diagnosing conditions related to organs or structures within that particular region of the abdomen.
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain refers to sudden and severe discomfort in the abdomen, often requiring immediate medical attention due to its potential association with serious conditions such as appendicitis, pancreatitis, or a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Proper diagnosis and prompt intervention are crucial in managing acute abdominal pain to prevent complications and ensure the patient’s well-being.
Dull pain in the abdomen
Dull abdominal pain is typically described as a mild, vague, or persistent discomfort that may be present continuously or intermittently. This condition is often associated with various digestive issues and may be linked to conditions such as:
- indigestion. Impaired digestion, where food is not fully digested, can cause discomfort and dull abdominal pain;
- gas. Accumulation of gas in the intestines can cause bloating and uncomfortable sensations, manifesting as dull pain;
- constipation. Difficulty or irregular bowel movements can lead to discomfort and dull abdominal pain;
- gastritis. Inflammation of the stomach lining, caused by various factors such as stress, infection, or alcohol consumption, can lead to dull pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen;
- stomach or duodenal ulcers. Ulcerative lesions in the stomach or duodenum can lead to the development of dull, but sometimes sharp pain in these areas;
- muscle strains. Tension or strain in the abdominal muscles can also cause dull pain, especially with movement or exertion.
While dull abdominal pain is typically not a sign of a serious condition, it may sometimes indicate the need for medical attention, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as sharp pain, vomiting, bleeding, or high fever. If such symptoms arise or worsen, it is important to seek medical assistance to identify the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Stitching pain in the abdomen
Stitching pain in the abdomen, often described as a sharp or stabbing sensation, can occur suddenly and may be brief or prolonged. This type of pain is commonly associated with conditions such as:
- muscle spasms. Intense, sudden contractions of the abdominal muscles can cause stitching pain, particularly during physical activity or movement;
- trapped gas. Buildup of gas in the intestines can lead to sharp, stabbing pains, commonly referred to as gas pains or trapped wind.
- gastrointestinal Issues. Conditions such as appendicitis, gallstones, or intestinal obstruction can cause sharp, stabbing pain in the abdomen, often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or fever;
- referred pain. Sometimes, pain originating from organs or structures located elsewhere in the body, such as the chest or back, can be felt in the abdomen, leading to stitching sensations;
- menstrual cramps. Women may experience stitching pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation due to uterine contractions.
It’s important to note that stitching pain in the abdomen can vary in severity and duration, and its underlying cause may require medical evaluation and treatment. If you experience persistent or severe stitching pain, especially if accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s advisable to seek prompt medical attention for proper diagnosis and management.
Girdle pain in the abdomen
Girdle pain in the abdomen, also known as «band-like» or «belt-like» pain, refers to a sensation of tightness, pressure, or discomfort that encircles the abdomen, often likened to wearing a tight belt or girdle around the waist. This type of pain can have various causes, including muscle strain, nerve compression, gastrointestinal issues, or referred pain from other organs. It’s essential to identify the underlying cause of girdle pain through medical evaluation, as treatment may vary depending on the specific condition or issue contributing to the discomfort.
Cramping abdominal pain
Cramping abdominal pain, characterized by intermittent, sharp, or squeezing sensations in the abdomen, can stem from a variety of underlying causes. Some potential reasons for cramping abdominal pain include:
- menstrual cramps. Common in menstruating individuals, menstrual cramps occur due to uterine contractions during menstruation, leading to cramping sensations in the lower abdomen;
- irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Cramping abdominal pain is a common symptom, often triggered by certain foods, stress, or hormonal fluctuations;
- gastroenteritis. Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, can lead to cramping abdominal pain, along with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting;
- constipation. Difficulty passing stools or infrequent bowel movements can cause cramping abdominal pain, as the colon works harder to expel waste;
- gastritis. Inflammation of the stomach lining, often due to infection, excessive alcohol consumption, or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can cause cramping abdominal pain, along with nausea and indigestion;
- food Intolerance. Intolerance to certain foods, such as lactose or gluten, can lead to cramping abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea after consumption;
- gallstones. Small, hard deposits in the gallbladder can cause intermittent cramping pain, typically in the upper right abdomen, particularly after consuming fatty or greasy foods;
- ovulationю Some individuals may experience cramping abdominal pain during ovulation, as the ovaries release an egg;
- endometriosis. This condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, often causing severe cramping pain during menstruation or intercourse;
- urinary tract infection (UTI). Infections of the urinary tract, such as cystitis or urethritis, can cause cramping abdominal pain, along with urinary urgency and burning during urination.
It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management if you experience persistent or severe cramping abdominal pain, especially if accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
What to do if you have stomach pain?
Experiencing stomach pain can be unsettling and disruptive to daily life, as it may indicate underlying digestive issues or other health concerns. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and appropriate responses to stomach pain is crucial for effectively managing discomfort and promoting overall well-being. From mild indigestion to severe abdominal cramps, stomach pain can manifest in various forms and intensities, often requiring different approaches for relief and treatment.
In this guide, we’ll explore the diverse types of stomach pain, potential triggers, and steps to take when experiencing discomfort, empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their health and seek appropriate medical attention when necessary. Whether it’s a fleeting episode of discomfort or a persistent issue, knowledge about stomach pain can help individuals navigate their symptoms with confidence and proactive self-care. If you experience stomach pain, here are some steps you can take:
- Assess the severity. Determine the severity and nature of the pain. Mild discomfort may not require immediate medical attention, but severe or worsening pain should be addressed promptly.
- Identify possible triggers. Consider any recent activities, foods, medications, or situations that may have triggered the pain. This information can help you and your healthcare provider pinpoint potential causes.
- Rest. If the pain is mild, try resting in a comfortable position to see if it improves. Avoid strenuous activities or movements that may exacerbate the pain.
- Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to stay hydrated. Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages, as they can irritate the stomach lining and worsen pain.
- Over-the-counter medications. If appropriate, you may consider taking over-the-counter medications such as antacids for indigestion or gas-relief medications for bloating. Follow the recommended dosage instructions and consult a pharmacist or healthcare provider if you have any questions.
- Apply heat. Applying a heating pad or warm compress to the abdomen can sometimes help alleviate cramping or discomfort. Be sure to use a moderate temperature and avoid prolonged exposure to heat to prevent burns.
- Eat lightly. If you feel up to it, try eating bland, easily digestible foods such as crackers, toast, rice, or bananas. Avoid spicy, fatty, or acidic foods that may irritate the stomach further.
- Avoid triggers. Identify and avoid any foods, drinks, or activities that seem to worsen your stomach pain. Keep a food diary to track your symptoms and potential triggers.
- Seek medical advice. If the pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as fever, vomiting, blood in stool, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention promptly. Your healthcare provider can evaluate your condition, perform necessary tests or examinations, and recommend appropriate treatment based on the underlying cause of your stomach pain.
Remember that stomach pain can have various causes, ranging from mild and temporary to severe and potentially life-threatening. It’s important to listen to your body, prioritize your comfort and well-being, and seek medical advice if needed for proper evaluation and management.